Francisco Sionil Jose (b. Capiz 3 Dec 1924.) He is the son of Antonio Jose an Aglipayan minister, and Sofia Sionil. He is married to Maria Teresa Jovellanos with whom he has seven children. He had to help support his family at a young age raising hogs and working as a farm laborer. He studied at the Rosales Elementary School, Far Eastern University High School, and the University of Santo Tomas (UST). After WWII he took pre-medicine courses at the Manila College of Pharmacy and Dentistry, then at the UST, shifting to liberal arts later on. He was editor-in-chief of the university paper The Varsitarian . In 1947, he joined the staff ofCommonwealth , a Catholic magazine. He went to work with the United States Information Service (USIS) as assistant editor. Later, Jose became managing editor of the Sunday Times Magazine , editor of Comment , and managing editor of the Hong Kong-based Asia Magazine . He founded the Philippine chapter of the PEN international organization. After working briefly in Sri Lanka as information officer for the Colombo Plan Bureau, he returned to the Philippines in 1965 and set up the Solidaridad Bookshop cum publishing firm and a short-lived art gallery in Ermita, Manila. He runs the bookshop with his wife. He is publisher and editor of Solidarity , a monthly magazine on current affairs, ideas and the arts. He has been writer-in-residence at the National University of Singapore, 1987; visiting research scholar, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 1988; and professorial lecturer, De La Salle University, 1984-1985.
Jose's first novels were serilazed in the Weekly Women's Magazine:The Chief Mourner , 1953, The Balete Tree , 1956, the second version of which was published in 1977. In 1962 he published the best known of all his novels, The Pretenders . His other novels areMy Brother, My Executioner , 1979; Mass , 1982; Po-on , 1984;Ermita , 1988; and Viajero (Traveller), 1993. He has published the following short-story collections: The God Stealer and Other Stories , 1968; Selected Works , 1977; Waywaya: Eleven Filipino Short Stories , 1980; and Platinum: Ten Filipino Stories andOlvidon and Other Stories , 1988. He also wrote a novella, Two Filipino Women , 1981, and has authored a poetry collection,Questions, 1988. His writings have also appeared in literary journals and anthologies all over Asia and in American and German publications.
Jose is a multiawarded fictionist whose works have been translated into several languages: Russian, Latvian, Ukranian, Dutch, Indonesian, and Ilocano. He has won three first-prize awards in the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature for the short stories, “The God Stealer,” 1959; “Waywaya,” 1979; and “Arbol de Fuego” (Firetree), 1980; a Palanca grand prize for his novel Mass , 1981; and a second prize for his essay “A Scenario for Philippine Resistance,” 1979. He also won the grand prize in the CCP Literary contests for the novel Tree , 1979; three first-prize awards from the National Press Club, 1957, 1961 and 1962; the Fernando Ma. Guerrero Memorial Foundation Award for Literature from UST, the Republic Cultural Heritage Award for Tree , and the Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award from the city government of Manila, all in 1979; the Tawid Award for Cultural Nationalism from the Ilocano Heritage Foundation, and the Ramon Magsaysay Award for journalism, literature, and creative communication arts, 1980. He also received the Smilth-Mundt Leader Grant, 1955; two Asian Foundation grants, 1955 and 1960; the Asian and Pacific Council fellowship, 1971; and the Outstanding Alumnus Award from UST, 1974. He became national Artist for Literature in 2001. –R.C. Lucero and M. Pulan.
http://nationalartists.panitikan.com.ph/fsjose.htm
Nick Joaquin (Nicomedes Marquez Joaquin) aka Quijano de Manila b. Paco, Manila 4 May 1917. National Artist in Literature. Born to Leocadio Joaquin and Salome Marquez, he attended the public elementary school and Mapa High School in Intramuros, Manila, but dropped out after three years of secondary education. In 1935, at the age of 17, he published his first poem in the Tribune, the WWII Manila Times . Serafin Lanot, the Tribune's poetry editor, liked the poem very much and went to congratulate the poet when he came to collect his fee, but the shy and elusive Joaquin ran away. St the time, the boy was a proofreader in the composing department at the T-V-T (Taliba Vanguardia Tribune).
Later Joaquin's “Three Generations” appeared in the Herald Midweek Magazine . A short story published in 1945 in thePhilippines Free Press was chosen as the best of the year; in 1949, he again won in a literary contest held by the Dominicans. In the midst of his growing fame as a writer, Joaquin entered St. Albert College in Hong Kong, a seminary under the Dominicans. He found the place conducive to writing, but left the seminary in 1950, after his superiors refused to allow him to write. Upon his return to Manila, he resumed his literary career.
Joaquin Contributed stories to Philippines Free Press , which hired him as proofreader in 1950. Besides the weekly investigative reports and feature articles he did under the name Quijano de Manila, he served a literary editor. As a journalist, he was able to travel extensively abroad and received several grants. In 1957, under a fellowship from the Harper Publishing Company, he stayed in the United States and, later, in Mexico to write a novel. The result was one of his most significant works, The Woman Who Had Two Navels. In it, his favorite themes converged- the clash between the spiritual and the mundane, between tradition and modernity, between appearance and reality, and between male and female.
In 1970 labor problems brewed in the Free Press . Joaquin came out on the side of the workers and resigned over management's attempts to break the union. Together with the other staffers who left, he joined the Asia- Philippines Leader in 1971 and served as its editor- in- chief. Upon the declaration of Martial Law, Joaquin found himself out of regular job as the Leader and other newspapers and magazines critical of the Marcos administration were closed down. He kept himself busy compiling his Philippines Free Press articles for a series of books, writing new plays and stories, publishing feature articles from time to time, accepting commissions for biographies, and running a column, “Small Beer,” in one newspaper. In 1990 he assumed the editorship of the newly opened Philippine Graphic .
Joaquin has authored more than two dozen books. Among the more significant are: Prose and Poems , 1952, his first collection of poetry and fiction, which also include a play, A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino , 1966; Selected Stories , 1962; La Naval de Manila and Other Essays , 1964; and the Complete Poems and Plays of Jose Rizal , 1976, Translation of Rizal's works in English. In 1977 his compiled works as journalist and historian appeared in a pocketbook series: Nora Aunor & Other Profiles, Ronnie Poe & Other Silhouettes, Reportage on Lovers, Reportage on Crime, Amalia Fuentes & Other Etchings, Gloria Diaz & Other Delineations and Doveglion and Other Cameos . The book A Question of Heroes , a thought-provoking and controversial look into history, also came out in 1977.
Tropical Baroque , 979, is a collection of his often- performed plays. It includes A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino (An Elegy in Three Scenes), Tatarin, Father and Sons, and The Beateas. Portrait was first staged on 25 March 1955 at the Aurora Gardens in Intramuros, Manila and later produced in other parts of the Philippines and in other countries. It was also made into a film directed by the late Lamberto Avellana, National Artist in Film.
Other important books by Joaquin include: Manila: Sin City and Other Chronicles and Language of the Street and Other Essays , 1980; Cave and Shadows, 1983; Collected Verse , 1987; Culture and History , 1988; and Manila, My Manila , 1991.
Joaquin has three awards from the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature: First prize for the short story, “La Vidal,” 1958, and for “Doña Jeronima, 1965”; and for the three-act play, "The Beateas", 1976. His books which won the Manila Critics Circles' National Book Awards are: The Aquinos of Tarlac: An Essay in History as Three Generations , 1983; The ‘Quartet of the Tiger Moon: Scenes from the People Power Apocalypse , 1986;Culture and History: Occasional Notes on the Process of Philippine Becoming , 1988, and The World of Damian Domingo: 19 th Century Manila , co-written with Luciano P.R. Santiago andJaime Ongpin: The Enigma: The Profile of a Filipino as Managerboth in 1990.
Joaquin has influenced and inspired generations of Filipino writers in English. He received the ESSO Journalism Award several times, the first Stonehill Fellowship for The Woman Who Had Two Navels in 1960, the Republic Cultural Heritage Award for literature I 1961, and the Patnubay ng Sining at Lakinangan Award from the city government of Manila in 1964. He was conferred the title National Artist in Literature in 1976.http://nationalartists.panitikan.com.ph/njoaquin.htm
Carlos P. Romulo (Carlos Peña Romulo) b. Camiling, Tarlac 14 Jan 1899 d. 15 Dec 1985. National Artist in Literature. He is the son of former governor Gregorio Romulo and Maria Peña. He was married twice: first, to Virginia Llamas, and then, to Beth Day. He studied at the Manila High School, and obtained his bachelor of arts from the University of the Philippines (UP) in 1918, and his master of arts from Columbia University in 1921. He taught English briefly at UP and held several positions in newspapers like the Philippine Herald and Manila Tribune. Among the other positions he has held are: associate editor, the Citizen, 1919; editor in chief, T-V-T Publications, Manila, 1931; member, Board of Regents, UP, 1931- 1941; publisher, D-M-H-M Newspapers, Manila, 1937- 1941; secretary of Public Information and Public Relations, Pres. Manuel L. Quezon's War cabinet, Washington DC, 1943- 1944; resident commissioner of the Philippines to the United States, 1944- 1946; chief of the Philippine Mission to the United Nations 1945- 1954; Secretary of Foreign affairs, Pres. Elpidio Quirino's cabinet, 1050- 1952; Ambassador to the United States, 1952- 1953, 1955- 1962; secretary of Education and concurrent UP president, 1962 – 1968; minister of Foreign Affairs; and member, Batasang Pambansa (representing National Capital Region).
He was a founding member of the Philippine Academy of Sciences and Humanities member of Alpha Phi Omega, Phi Kappa Phi, National Press Club (Washington DC) and the National Research Council of the Philippines, among others.
One of the earliest poems was “Who are the Great? About teachers who gave inspiration to Filipinos. He authored the plays. Daughters for Sale, 1924; Rizal, A Chronicle Play, 1926; and Juli, 1927; as well as the textbooks, Better English, 1924, and College Composition, 1925. His other published works are: I Saw the fall of the Philippines, 1942; Mother America, 1943; My Brother Americans, 1945; I See the Philippines Rise, 1946; The United (a novel), 1951; Crusade in Asia, 1955; The Meaning of Bandung; The Magsaysay Story, 1956, with Marvin M. Gray; Friend to Friend, 1958, with Pearl s. Buck; I walked With Heroes (autobiography), 1961; Mission to Asia; The Dialogue Begins, 1964; Contemporary Nationalism and World Order, Identity and Change: Towards a National Definition, 1965; Evasions and Response, 1966; The University and external Aid; Clarifying the Asian Mystique; and In the Mainstream of Diplomacy.
Romulo received honorary degrees from such institutions as Notre Dame University, Indiana 1935; University of Athens, 1948; Harvard University, 1950; Chungang University, Korea, 1961; Thammasat University, Thailand, 1964; and University of California, 1965, among others. He has received numerous awards, among them the Pulitzer prize for journalism, for work in the United Nations for peace, 1947 and 1948; Golden Heart Presidential Award, 1954; Hellenic University Award of Philadelphia Award, for his book, Crusade in Asia, 1955; Republic Cultural Heritage Award, 1965; Rizal Pro Patria Award, 1971; and World Peace Award from the World federalists association of New York, 1976. He was declared National Artist in 1984. – M. J. Barrios.
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